There areother sins added in some species of oath, namely, a second sin againstreligion in case of a sworn vow, a sin against justice and fidelit But it is an extremely strict view which holds that all the secularclergy are beneficed. ere is no intentionexclusive of that purpose, for the vow binds one only to do what waspromised (cfr. (c) The listener is scandalized and contaminated by what he hears, hisideals are shattered, his respect for virtue or religion is destroyed,and he is encouraged to continue the work of the defamer.
(b) If the intention to keep the vow is prompted by a human motive(e. Telepathy, and the virtue of religion, 2285 a. (b) Prayer in its origin is an act of the will, for the practicalreason presents before God only such things as are desired by him whoprays. The case is more difficult, however, if the reply isobscure in itself, that is, if use is made of ambiguity or mentalreservation.
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